The City Clinical Hospital No. 1 named after N.I. Pirogov, Moscow City Health Department is one of the largest multidisciplinary hospitals in Moscow. Over 35,000 operations are performed here annually, providing medical care to more than 60,000 inpatients and over 320,000 outpatients in the following areas: surgery, cardiovascular surgery, anesthesiology and resuscitation, therapy, cardiology, arrhythmology, rheumatology, neurology, all types of dental care, maxillofacial surgery, otolaryngology, obstetrics and gynecology, traumatology, orthopedics, neurosurgery, ophthalmology, endoscopy, transfusiology, psychiatry, psychology, physiotherapy, and therapeutic physical training.

More than 2,400 employees are employed at the City Clinical Hospital No. 1, including over 760 doctors, 146 Ph.D. in Medicine, 35 Doctors of Medicine, and 8 honoured doctors of Russia.
The hospital includes: a multidisciplinary hospital with intensive care units, a regional vascular center, a diagnostic service, all levels of outpatient care including Phlebology Center and Rheumatology Center.
The City Clinical Hospital No. 1 is located in the Central Administrative District of Moscow (Yakimanka district) in 29 buildings, 17 of them are cultural heritage sites. The total area of the City Clinical Hospital No. 1 is 18.1 hectares.

The hospital has been operating since July 22, 1802, starting with Golitsynskaya Hospital, which provided medical care for the poorest patients from socially disadvantaged groups. In 1828, construction began of the City Clinical Hospital No. 1 next to Golitsynskaya Hospital. On October 27, 1833, the City Clinical Hospital No. 1 admitted its first patients. It was the first medical institution built with state funds.
In 1919, Golitsynskaya Hospital became a part of the City Clinical Hospital No. 1. In 1959, the nearby Shcherbatovskaya Hospital (originally the City Clinical Hospital No. 2), built in 1866, joined it. After the merger of the three hospitals, a new hospital named after Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov was formed, which became one of the largest hospitals in Europe at that time.
During the World War II, the hospital admitted Moscow residents wounded during air raids and seriously wounded soldiers.